Managing Financial Principles and Techniques Assignment Essay

Managing Financial Principles and Techniques Assignment - Essay Example From the tudy it is clear that the very basic two approaches to pricing are ‘cost-plus’ pricing and ‘market-demand’ pricing. There are various pricing strategies such as low or high pricing, permanent or changing prices, penetration or skimming pricing, fixed or variable pricing. No matter whether it is cost-plus or market-demand based pricing, firms are required to constantly estimate the true costs incurred for developing their product. An underestimation of fixed or variable costs can lead to loss. Firms, in order to stay competitive, are to generate a reasonable amounts of profits. Profit is the difference between selling price and total costs. If a firm simply fixes a price without due care of total costs incurred for making or marketing of that product, it is more likely not to generate a reasonable amounts of profit.This research finds that  most organizations need to make strategic decisions about setting or accepting the selling prices for the pro ducts or services they market. If firms are in marketing condition where the price is automatically set by the market demand and supply forces, the firm will have little or no influence over the selling prices of its products or services. Coffee, sugar, rice markets are of this example. The firm in such condition is required to evaluate the total costs incurred and attempt their maximum to keep per unit costs below the per-unit selling price. In contrast, firms that make highly differentiated or customized products or are market leaders have relatively greater influence in pricing decisions. In such a marketing condition, the pricing decision will be influenced by the cost of the product (Drury, 2007, p. 248) An appropriate costing system Most organizations are depending on marginal costing system since it has long been found to be very effective for management in taking appropriate decisions and understanding accurate cost structures. Marginal

Double negative gravitational renderer Research Paper

Double negative gravitational renderer - Research Paper Example The simulation was done as part of the making of Christopher Nolan’s Oscar-winning movie Interstellar. The images were a result of the spinning black hole which was dragging bits of the universe along with it and causing the caustics around it to be stretched severally around the spinning black hole: These multiple images are caused by the black hole dragging space into a whirling motion and stretching the caustics around itself many times. It is the first time that the effects of caustics have been computed for a camera near a black hole, and the resulting images give some idea of what a person would see if they were orbiting around a hole. To create the simulation of the spinning black hole, DNGR maps the paths of millions of light beams along their respective cross-sections (that are evolving in real time) as they come into the black holes warped space-time continuum. DNGR created clear and very smooth images of a wormhole and with a glowing accretion disk that had parts th at swung over and under the wormhole’s shadow and even infront of the shadow’s equator thus resulting to an image of a split shadow. This phenomena was a result of gravitational lensing, which is a process where light beams from several locations on the disk or even from distant stars are bent before arrival at the simulated camera; thus resulting to the mind-blowing surreal images of the celestial body.